POLLUTION AND HEALTH

  The Paradox inherent in the relationship between global climate change and food production.   Introduction Estimates from organizations like the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Food Programme (WFP) suggest that over 800 million people worldwide were experiencing chronic hunger before 2022. This number includes individuals who lack regular access to enough food to lead active and healthy lives.   Moreover, a broader concept is food insecurity, which encompasses not only those facing hunger but also individuals and communities with uncertain access to adequate food due to factors such as poverty, conflict, and natural disasters. The global scale of food insecurity is much higher, with billions of people facing varying degrees of vulnerability.   Factors contributing to food insecurity are multifaceted and include poverty, economic disparities, armed conflicts, climate change-related impacts, and social inequality. Regions ...

  Fatalistic attitudes to cancer are acquired at an early age in life “I will just die” Many people when invited to discuss cancer and even avoid exposure, respond that death is unavoidable. They generally believe that no action can be taken to prevent death that arises due to cancer, such attitude must be addressed as it causes people to act with reckless abandon. And some even deliberately act in ways that are predisposing to cancer risk factors.   “Life is short” Some people even argue that life is short and that they cannot change. This mentality if planted in the minds of children will continue to promote harmful lifestyles that involve alcohol use and abuse. At the same time, life is short also means that it should be enjoyed. Unfortunately, what some young people believe to be enjoyment is hazardous. Including alcohol abuse and tobacco smoking as well as overeating. The notion that "life is short" is often used to justify immediate gratification and indulge...

  Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection can be reduced by avoiding many sexual partners. While a considerable amount of information exists regarding the molecular epidemiology of genital HPV infection in women, there is a significant gap in our understanding of the likelihood of re-infection with HPV, particularly with the same type. Limited data is available on the source of HPV infection in older women, specifically those aged 40 and above. Two competing hypotheses attempt to explain the occurrence of ostensibly incident HPV infections in such women.   The first hypothesis operates under the assumption that infections acquired at a young age do not completely clear but rather become latent. In this scenario, infections manifesting later in life would largely be reactivations of latent infections acquired many years earlier. These reactivations might be triggered by various non-mutually exclusive factors, such as hormonal changes during the peri-menopausal period or a d...