Abuse of Tylosin in Animal Medicine: A One Health Crisis at the Nexus of Antimicrobial Resistance, Food Systems, and Environmental Integrity Abstract Tylosin, a veterinary macrolide antibiotic, is extensively used in livestock production for therapeutic, prophylactic, and growth-promoting purposes. While its veterinary value is well established, systemic misuse—particularly in low- and middle-income countries—has accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR), compromised food safety, and contributed to environmental contamination. This paper situates tylosin abuse within a One Health framework , emphasizing interconnected human, animal, and ecological risks. It critically evaluates usage patterns, resistance mechanisms, environmental fate, and policy failures, with a regional focus on sub-Saharan Africa. The paper argues that tylosin misuse is not merely a veterinary issue but a multi-sectoral governance failure , and proposes integrated regulatory, surveillance, and behavioral in...
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Ageing, Toilet Visiting Frequency, and Healthy Elimination Habits: Integrated Physiological, Environmental, and Policy Perspectives Abstract Age-related changes in gastrointestinal and urinary systems significantly influence elimination patterns, with implications for morbidity, dignity, and healthcare systems. This paper integrates gerontology, neurophysiology, nutrition, environmental health, and sanitation science to examine determinants of bowel and bladder function in older adults. It further evaluates clinical thresholds for abnormality, links elimination patterns to systemic disease, and proposes policy frameworks for age-friendly sanitation, preventive care, and community-based interventions in low- and middle-income settings. 1. Introduction Global demographic transitions are increasing the proportion of older adults, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Elimination disorders—constipation, incontinence, and altered urinary frequency—are among the most prevalent but ...
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Planetary Position, Date of Birth, and Human Health: Scientific Evaluation, Epidemiological Evidence, and Policy Implications Abstract Claims linking planetary positions at birth to individual health outcomes are widespread across cultures, often rooted in astrological traditions. This paper critically evaluates these claims using principles from astronomy, physics, epidemiology, and public health. While celestial cycles (e.g., seasonal variation, solar radiation) have measurable biological effects, there is no scientific evidence supporting causal relationships between planetary alignment at birth and long-term health status. Instead, observed associations with date of birth are largely explained by environmental, nutritional, and infectious disease seasonality. This paper proposes policy approaches to promote scientific literacy while respecting cultural contexts. 1. Introduction The idea that the position of celestial bodies influences human health dates back millennia a...
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Street Fries, Saturated and Rancid Fats: Toxicological Dynamics of Reused Frying Oils and Policy Thresholds for Public Health Protection Abstract The reuse of frying oils in street food systems is a pervasive practice driven by economic constraints but associated with the progressive accumulation of toxic lipid oxidation products. This paper integrates lipid chemistry, toxicology, epidemiology, and food policy to evaluate safe reuse thresholds, exposure pathways, and long-term health risks. It proposes evidence-based regulatory frameworks tailored to informal food economies, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. 1. Introduction Street-vended fried foods are critical to urban food security yet represent a significant vector for dietary exposure to degraded lipids. Repeated thermal cycling of oils produces a complex mixture of oxidized compounds, many of which are biologically active and toxic. International agencies such as the World Health Organization and the Food and Agri...